{"id":6352,"date":"2025-10-30T11:49:54","date_gmt":"2025-10-30T10:49:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/u-paris.fr\/cerilac\/?p=6352"},"modified":"2025-12-04T10:46:54","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T09:46:54","slug":"soutenance-de-these-la-theorie-litteraire-a-lepreuve-du-poeme-a-propos-de-quelques-dialogues-manques-sartre-barthes-blanchot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/u-paris.fr\/cerilac\/soutenance-de-these-la-theorie-litteraire-a-lepreuve-du-poeme-a-propos-de-quelques-dialogues-manques-sartre-barthes-blanchot\/","title":{"rendered":"Soutenance de th\u00e8se \u00ab La th\u00e9orie litt\u00e9raire \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve du po\u00e8me. \u00c0 propos de quelques dialogues manqu\u00e9s (Sartre, Barthes, Blanchot) \u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Titre de th\u00e8se<\/h1>\n
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\u00ab La th\u00e9orie litt\u00e9raire \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve du po\u00e8me. \u00c0 propos de quelques dialogues manqu\u00e9s (Sartre, Barthes, Blanchot) \u00bb par Gabriel Meshkinfam<\/p>\n

Th\u00e8se dirig\u00e9e par Dominique Rabat\u00e9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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R\u00e9sum\u00e9 de th\u00e8se<\/h1>\n

Notre projet interroge l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se d\u2019une incommensurabilit\u00e9 structurelle entre la pens\u00e9e discursive syst\u00e9matique et le po\u00e8me, et ce dans le cadre tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9cis de la France d\u2019Apr\u00e8s-guerre. Il nous a sembl\u00e9 en effet que ce cadre historico-g\u00e9ographique, s\u2019\u00e9tendant de la mort de Val\u00e9ry en 1945 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1960, constituait un lieu original pour l\u2019\u00e9tude des rapports entre la th\u00e9orie litt\u00e9raire et le genre po\u00e9tique. Cette originalit\u00e9 est due en grande partie \u00e0 un paradoxe apparent : alors m\u00eame que l\u2019Hexagone concentre une activit\u00e9 po\u00e9tique in\u00e9gal\u00e9e, qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie largement de l\u2019aura de la po\u00e9sie de R\u00e9sistance (Char, \u00c9luard) et du renouvellement productif de ses formes (Ponge, Pr\u00e9vert), et alors m\u00eame que le monde intellectuel se passionne, dans le sillage de Sartre, pour la question litt\u00e9raire, force est de constater que la r\u00e9union de la po\u00e9sie et de la pens\u00e9e sp\u00e9culative sur l\u2019autel d\u2019une th\u00e9orie renouvel\u00e9e n\u2019a pas eu lieu. Ce sont en effet plut\u00f4t le roman, voire l\u2019essai \u2014 et dans une moindre mesure le th\u00e9\u00e2tre, mais pour des raisons diff\u00e9rentes de la po\u00e9sie \u2014 qui constituent le socle de ce grand \u00ab moment \u00bb litt\u00e9raire de la pens\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise. Bien s\u00fbr, notre approche ne vise pas \u00e0 nier les timides tentatives qui ont pu \u00e9merger lors de cette p\u00e9riode, mais \u00e0 indiquer qu\u2019elles se jouent souvent hors du champ canonique de la th\u00e9orie litt\u00e9raire et qu\u2019elle se con\u00e7oivent d\u2019abord comme des analyses locales n\u2019envisageant pas le genre po\u00e9tique dans une \u00e9conomie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des genres litt\u00e9raires. Il faudra en effet attendre les\u00a0Onze \u00e9tudes sur la po\u00e9sie moderne<\/em>\u00a0publi\u00e9es en 1964 par Jean-Pierre Richard, la traduction de\u00a0Structure de la po\u00e9sie moderne<\/em>\u00a0d\u2019Hugo Friedrich dans les ann\u00e9es 1970 ou encore l\u2019essai de Julia Kristeva sur Mallarm\u00e9 et Lautr\u00e9amont pour voir appara\u00eetre les premi\u00e8res \u00e9tudes syst\u00e9matiques de l\u2019objet po\u00e9tique. Chez Barthes, Genette, Poulet ou Goldmann cette \u00e9tude ne sera par exemple jamais vraiment entreprise.<\/p>\n

Afin d\u2019\u00e9tudier le d\u00e9tail de ce, ou plut\u00f4t de ces \u00ab dialogues manqu\u00e9s \u00bb, notre choix s\u2019est vite port\u00e9 sur une sorte de \u00ab trinit\u00e9 \u00bb symptomatique de la pens\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise d\u2019Apr\u00e8s-guerre, chacun de ses membres repr\u00e9sentant une des hypoth\u00e8ses de l\u2019incommensurabilit\u00e9 entre th\u00e9orie et po\u00e9sie. Jean-Paul Sartre, par sa mise au ban de la po\u00e9sie dans l\u2019engagement de la litt\u00e9rature, mais aussi par ses incursions tant\u00f4t maladroites tant\u00f4t brillantes chez les po\u00e8tes (Baudelaire, Genet, Ponge, C\u00e9saire), repr\u00e9sente le parangon du dialogue manqu\u00e9 : son refus axiologique du po\u00e8me se double de tentatives initi\u00e9es mais avort\u00e9es. Roland Barthes cristallise quant \u00e0 lui deux formes de \u00ab d\u00e9n\u00e9gation \u00bb du po\u00e8me, \u00e0 la fois par un biais tr\u00e8s personnel et puis comme \u00ab repr\u00e9sentant \u00bb (singulier certes) du structuralisme, qui s\u2019est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 globalement incapable de rendre compte de la sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 du po\u00e8me. Enfin, Maurice Blanchot incarne une forme de contrepoint \u00e9galement probl\u00e9matique car, bien que le critique se confronte directement \u00e0 la question po\u00e9tique, l\u2019h\u00e9g\u00e9monie de la Po\u00e9sie (puis de l\u2019\u00c9criture) sur la Litt\u00e9rature y neutralise toute singularit\u00e9 des genres et des formes.<\/p>\n

Jury de th\u00e8se<\/h1>\n
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