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Le 25 avril, \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de la Journ\u00e9e mondiale de lutte contre le paludisme, la mobilisation reste essentielle face \u00e0 cette maladie transmise par les piq\u00fbres de moustiques et responsable de centaines de milliers de d\u00e9c\u00e8s chaque ann\u00e9e. \u00c0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, plusieurs \u00e9quipes de recherche s\u2019investissent pour mieux comprendre le paludisme, d\u00e9velopper de nouvelles strat\u00e9gies de pr\u00e9vention et de traitement, et contribuer \u00e0 l\u2019effort mondial d\u2019\u00e9radication.<\/p>\n
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\u00a9 James Gathany<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Le paludisme est une maladie caus\u00e9e par un parasite du genre Plasmodium<\/em>, dont l\u2019esp\u00e8ce falciparum<\/em> est la plus redoutable. La transmission se fait par la piq\u00fbre d\u2019une femelle moustique du genre Anopheles<\/em>. La maladie est pr\u00e9sente dans 83 pays tropicaux, et a entra\u00een\u00e9 environ 600 000 d\u00e9c\u00e8s en 2023, touchant principalement les enfants de moins de 5 ans. Les pays d\u2019Afrique subsaharienne sont les plus durement touch\u00e9s. En France, on recense chaque ann\u00e9e environ 6 000 cas de paludisme, essentiellement chez des voyageurs revenant de r\u00e9gions o\u00f9 la maladie est active. Par ailleurs, le paludisme s\u00e9vit \u00e9galement dans le d\u00e9partement de la Guyane.<\/p>\n \u00c0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, plusieurs \u00e9quipes de recherche \u0153uvrent \u00e0 mieux comprendre la physiopathologie du paludisme et \u00e0 lutter contre cette maladie. Les \u00e9quipes de l\u2019UMR MERIT (IRD 261 INSERM 1344)<\/a> implant\u00e9es au B\u00e9nin et \u00e0 Paris s\u2019int\u00e9ressent \u00e0 tous les aspects de la maladie. Leurs travaux ont montr\u00e9 que :<\/p>\n Pr\u00e8s de 150 ans apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9couverte de l\u2019agent infectieux par un Fran\u00e7ais, Alphonse Lav\u00e9ran, prix Nobel en 1907, le paludisme reste un probl\u00e8me majeur de sant\u00e9 publique mondial, affectant principalement les populations fragilis\u00e9es d\u00e9j\u00e0 expos\u00e9es \u00e0 de nombreux challenges. Au-del\u00e0 de son impact sanitaire d\u00e9vastateur, le paludisme entrave consid\u00e9rablement le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique et social des pays d’end\u00e9mie, r\u00e9duisant les taux de croissance annuels de 1,3\u00a0% par rapport aux r\u00e9gions exemptes de paludisme. Cela perp\u00e9tue la pauvret\u00e9 et limite l’acc\u00e8s aux soins de sant\u00e9 pour les populations les plus vuln\u00e9rables.<\/p>\n De plus, le changement climatique constitue une menace s\u00e9rieuse en \u00e9tendant la port\u00e9e g\u00e9ographique du paludisme. Les r\u00e9gions actuellement exemptes de paludisme sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des risques croissants, notamment avec l’augmentation des cas import\u00e9s. Ainsi, il est essentiel que les voyageurs respectent les conseils de pr\u00e9vention et se prot\u00e8gent contre les piq\u00fbres de moustiques pour limiter le risque d\u2019infection.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_4″][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ specialty=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.21″ custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px||0px|\u00a0\u00bb prev_background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ inner_width=\u00a0\u00bbauto\u00a0\u00bb inner_max_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.19.11″ width=\u00a0\u00bb80%\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb1080px\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bb\u00c0 lire aussi\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.21″]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blog _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.21″ posts_number=\u00a0\u00bb4″ include_categories=\u00a0\u00bb13″ show_author=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb show_date=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb show_pagination=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_width_bottom_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb border_color_bottom_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(51,51,51,0.18)\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||50px|\u00a0\u00bb module_id=\u00a0\u00bbpage_type_blog\u00a0\u00bb header_level=\u00a0\u00bbh4″ \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Des recherches sur le paludisme \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9<\/h2>\n
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Un d\u00e9fi de sant\u00e9 publique aux multiples dimensions<\/h2>\n
\u00c0<\/span> lire aussi<\/h2>\n